In this page will break down some of the key concepts and terms associated with the REST API: Routes & Endpoints,Requests, Responses, Schema, and Controller Classes. Each of these concepts play a crucial role in understanding, using, and extending the WordPress REST API, and each is explored in greater depth within this handbook.
TopicsRoutes & Endpoints #Routes & Endpoints
In the context of the WordPress REST API a route is a URI which can be mapped to different HTTP methods. The mapping of an individual HTTP method to a route is known as an endpoint.
As an example, if we make a
GET request to the URI http://oursite.com/wp-json/ we are returned a JSON response showing what routes are available, and what endpoints are available within each route. /wp-json/ is a route, and when that route receives a GET request then that request is handled by the endpoint which displays what is known as the index for the WordPress REST API. The route wp-json/wp/v2/posts by contrast has a GET endpoint which returns a list of posts, but also a POST endpoint which accepts authenticated requests to create new posts.
Mar 05, 2019 An API Key is nothing more than a string that we use as a license key for a particular service. In our example, a Google API Key will allow us to access any of Google’s cloud services from an external application. How to install and use the PayPal for Digital Goods plugin. From within your WordPress Dashboard, click Plugins, then Add New. Do a search for: PayPal for Digital Goods. Click Install Now, then Activate. Click Settings, then PayPal for Digital Goods. Enter the desired. WooCommerce Serial Numbers is a simple and powerful serial numbers, license keys manager plugin that enables you to easily sell any kind of numbers or secret keys distributed products.
We will learn how to register our own routes and endpoints in the following sections.
Note: If you are using non-pretty permalinks, you should pass the REST API route as a query string parameter. The route
http://oursite.com/wp-json/ in the example above would hence be http://oursite.com/?rest_route=/ .
If you get a
404 error when trying to access http://oursite.com/wp-json/ , consider enabling pretty permalinks or try using the rest_route parameter instead.
Requests #Requests
A REST API request is represented within WordPress by an instance of the
WP_REST_Request class, which is used to store and retrieve information for the current request. A WP_REST_Request object is automatically generated when you make an HTTP request to a registered API route. The data specified in this object (derived from the route URI or the JSON payload sent as a part of the request) determines what response you will get back out of the API.
Requests are usually submitted remotely via HTTP but may also be made internally from PHP within WordPress plugin or theme code. There are a lot of neat things you can do using this class, detailed further elsewhere in the handbook.
Responses #Responses
Responses are the data you get back from the API. The
WP_REST_Response class provides a way to interact with the response data returned by endpoints. Responses return the requested data, or can also be used to return errors if something goes wrong while fulfilling the request.
Schema #Schema
Each endpoint requires a particular structure of input data, and returns data using a defined and predictable structure. Those data structures are defined in the API Schema. The schema structures API data and provides a comprehensive list of all of the properties the API can return and which input parameters it can accept. Well-defined schema also provides one layer of security within the API, as it enables us to validate and sanitize the requests being made to the API. The Schema section explores this large topic further.
Controller Classes #Controller Classes
Controller classes unify and coordinate all these various moving parts within a REST API response cycle. With a controller class you can manage the registration of routes & endpoints, handle requests, utilize schema, and generate API responses. A single class usually contains all of the logic for a given route, and a given route usually represents a specific type of data object within your WordPress site (like a custom post type or taxonomy).
Many external services that use the Google cloud require an API Key to work. But what is an API Key and how can you get one? This is what I’m going to explain you right now.
In this article we’ll see how to obtain an API Key to be able to use Google Cloud Translate, but the process is the same if we want to obtain an API Key for another Google Cloud service, such as Google Maps.
Lets start by the beginning… An API Key is nothing more than a string that we use as a license key for a particular service. In our example, a Google API Key will allow us to access any of Google’s cloud services from an external application. Without this key we can not make authenticated calls to Google Cloud services from a third-party application, and therefore the application that requires this key will not work.
Now that we understand what an API Key is, let’s see how to get one for Google Translate.
How to Create a New Account in Google Cloud Console
The first thing you need is an account in Google Cloud Console and a payment method in it. To do this, follow these steps:
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By default, the person creating the billing account is a billing administrator for the account. Once you have the account created and the billing information ready, you can continue with the following steps to obtain the API Key.
How to Create a New Project in Google Cloud
Go to the bar in the top of the window and in the drop-down you can see your created projects as well as the option to create a new one by clicking on the New Project button:
Now give the new project a name and create it by clicking on the corresponding button, as you can see in the following screenshot:
At this point you should already have the project created and selected, so let’s move on.
Activate the Google Translate API
Before you can use a Google API in your project, you have to activate it. Go to the side menu and select the APIs & Services option:
Now you will see a screen with statistics about the APIs that you have activated. If you created the project from scratch by following the steps above, you won’t have any data yet, as you can see:
Click on the upper button Enable APIs and services to continue with the activation process of the API. This takes us to a search box where we have to look for the API we’re interested in. In this case, we want to use the Google Translate API. Type translate in the search box and click on the result Cloud Translate API:
This brings us to a screen with the description of the Cloud Translation API. Click on the Enable button to activate the API in our project:
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We already have the Google Cloud Translation API activated. We’re almost there…
Create a new API Key for Google Translate
After activating the API, let’s see how to generate a new Key API to be able to use this service. We have to go to the side menu again and select the Credentials option:
On this screen we see a button with a drop-down and the text Create credentials. Don’t click on the button! Instead, open the drop-down by clicking on the arrow to the right of the button and select the API Key option.
This creates the new Key API. You can copy it if you want, although you can access it later:
How to Restrict Our API Key to Protect and Limit Its UseGenerate Api Key For Google Maps
To control the cost of Google Cloud by using the Google Cloud Translation API (or Google Translate, which is the same), we can do two things: restrict where you can use the API Key that we just created or limit the allowed quota to use the service itself.
In the screenshot above, if you click on the Restrict Key button you will go to the API Key restriction screen that follows:
There you can select to restrict the API Key by HTTP referrers, which means that you can only make calls to the Google Cloud Translate API using the API Key from certain domain names.
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You must add the valid domain names in the text box that appears when selecting the HTTP referrers option. In our case, we have added here our domain name
https://neliosoftware.com/* .
Furthermore, being a symmetric key algorithm AES uses the single key for both encryption and decryption. In our present work, the round keys are stored separately as each round keys are generated randomly and are used for decryption accordingly. In our future work, we shall try to work on the trade-off and also about the storing process of round keys. Symmetric key cryptography using random key generator pdf.
On the other hand, go to the menu API’s & Services → Dashboard → Cloud Translation API → Quotas and there you will find a box called Characters. There you can modify the quota limits of the Google Cloud Translation API and reduce them, if necessary.
The price for Google Cloud Translation API at the time of writing this post is 20 USD per million translated characters, so make your numbers.
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And that’s all! You already have your API Key ready to be used with the application you want. The process is a bit cumbersome at first, but following the steps you’ll get the API Key without problems. Try it and let me know if you need further assistance!
Featured image by Conor Luddy on Unsplash.
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